Student : Good morning miss ....
Teacher : good morning child .... what's up?
Student : Miss, we want to ask about hydrocarbons ..
Teacher : ohh ... ofcourse please childJ
Student : what is hydrocarbon?
Teacher : Hydrocarbons are a compound consisting of elements of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
Student : What are some simple examples of hydrocarbons?
Teacher : One example of a simple hydrocarbon compound is methane, with the CH4 structure formula. In carbon chemistry, it is important for us to be able to write molecular formulas and structural formulas.
Student : what is the difference of molecular formula and structure formula?
Teacher : The molecular formula represents the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. While the structure formula describes how the atoms are tied to each other. Here will be studied about the nomenclature of the compound.
Student : oooo .... I once read a book on compound nomenclature ... I want to ask if there is more than one branch of the same, how to naming it?
Teacher : an extraordinary question ... if there are more than one same branch, then called once but begins with the number with the latin number. Examples such as 2,3-dimethyl-hexane.
Student : ooohh ... I quite understand bu, thank you miss there is time for me ... J
Teacher : Ok child ..
Teacher : good morning child .... what's up?
Student : Miss, we want to ask about hydrocarbons ..
Teacher : ohh ... ofcourse please childJ
Student : what is hydrocarbon?
Teacher : Hydrocarbons are a compound consisting of elements of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
Student : What are some simple examples of hydrocarbons?
Teacher : One example of a simple hydrocarbon compound is methane, with the CH4 structure formula. In carbon chemistry, it is important for us to be able to write molecular formulas and structural formulas.
Student : what is the difference of molecular formula and structure formula?
Teacher : The molecular formula represents the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. While the structure formula describes how the atoms are tied to each other. Here will be studied about the nomenclature of the compound.
Student : oooo .... I once read a book on compound nomenclature ... I want to ask if there is more than one branch of the same, how to naming it?
Teacher : an extraordinary question ... if there are more than one same branch, then called once but begins with the number with the latin number. Examples such as 2,3-dimethyl-hexane.
Student : ooohh ... I quite understand bu, thank you miss there is time for me ... J
Teacher : Ok child ..
this is my chanel https://youtu.be/7ELU70OZ_tE
What are the hydrocarbon compounds we use in everyday life?
BalasHapusSome common hydrocarbons and their uses:
HapusMethane
It is used as a fuel in electrical generation. Produces less amount of carbon dioxide.
Propane
It is used for heating and cooking
Butane
It is used in lighters and also in aerosol cans
Pentane
Generally it is used as solvents in the laboratory and in the production of polystyrene.
Hexane
It is used to produce in glue for shoes, leather products, etc
Heptane
It is the major component of gasoline.
Octane
It is used in gasoline that reduces knock
Nonane
It is the component of fuel
Example:Diesel
Decane
It is also a component of gasoline
Why methane is an example of a hydrocarbon?
BalasHapusAnd what kind of characteristics of methane?
Methane (US /ˈmɛθeɪn/ or UK /ˈmiːθeɪn/) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen). It is a group 14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an attractive fuel, though capturing and storing it poses challenges due to its gaseous state under normal conditions for temperature and pressure.
HapusNatural methane is found both below ground and under the sea floor. When it reaches the surface and the atmosphere, it is known as atmospheric methane.[5] The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).
Why methane is an example of a hydrocarbon?
BalasHapusAnd what kind of characteristics of methane?
hi iin
BalasHapusplease explain about., what is the difference of molecular formula and structure formula?
Molecular vs Structural Formula
HapusPerhaps during your chemistry class you had a headache with molecular and structural formulas. Even I had encountered the same problem. For starters, molecular and structural formulas are somewhat hard to understand, especially if you are not quite interested in them. In this article, let us have a quick refresher. Read on to find out what are molecular and structural formulas are and their differences between one another.
Molecular and structural formulas deal with atoms and molecules. We all know that molecules are formed when atoms are combined altogether. Atoms combine through ionic or covalent bonds. Though atoms combine, it does not mean that molecules are made up of the same kind of atoms. To express what a particular molecule consists of, we use the molecular formulas and the structural formulas.
A molecular formula is one of the simplest ways to express the writing of complex molecules. With a molecular formula, it can specify the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. In a particular element, it contains one or more letter symbols which are very useful in determining that particular element. When writing the molecular formula, you have to write the symbols for all the elements that are contained within a molecule. And to the right of each element, you will indicate how many atoms of each element are present.
For example, we have a glucose molecule. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6. This molecular formula means that glucose has 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. “C” is the symbol for “carbon.” “H” is the symbol for “hydrogen.” “O” is the symbol for “oxygen.” What then is the molecular formula for the water molecule? A water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms and it has 1 oxygen atom. That would be H2O. When there is only one atom of a particular element, the number “1” does not need to be written in the molecular formula.
Constructing the molecular formula seems pretty easy. As long as you know the symbol for each element and how many atoms there are in a particular molecule, you’ll never go wrong. Though we already know the number of atoms of each element in a particular molecule, the molecular formula is not enough to define how the atoms are arranged in a molecule. We don’t know whether the atoms are bonded to one other. With that, structural formulas help us.
As its name implies, a structural formula shows the structure of how atoms and molecules are built. It is like a simple sketch to visualize the image of a molecule. A structural formula also indicates where and how each atom is placed. To create the structural formula, you also need to know the symbol for each element. The atoms in each element are represented by their symbols. The symbols are then connected by lines. These lines are the bonds of each atom. Sometimes there are molecules with the same number of atoms in each element. To tell them apart, the structural formula is the best way to determine it.
Summary:
Molecular and structural formulas deal with atoms and molecules.
To express what a particular molecule consists of, we use the molecular formulas and the structural formulas.
With a molecular formula, it can specify the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
When writing the molecular formula, you have to write the symbols for all the elements that are contained within a molecule.
A structural formula shows the structure of how atoms and molecules are built. It is like a simple sketch to visualize the image of a molecule.
Plese you give me explanation about characteristic hydrocarbon ! Thanks
BalasHapusThe main characteristics of hydrocarbons are as follows:
Hapus(a) Knocking – The metallic sound emitted by an internal combustion engine is called knocking. "The greater the compression, the greater will be the efficiency of an engine." The fuel with the least knocking property is preferable to others.
The knocking tendency of a fuel transpires in the following order:
Straight chain alkanes > branched chain alkanes > olefins > cyclo alkanes > aromatic hydrocarbons.
(b) Octane number - It is used for measuring the knocking character of the fuel used in a petrol engine. The octane number of a given sample is nothing but the percentage of iso-octane present in a mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane, which has the same knocking performance as the fuel itself.
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
n-heptane; octane no. = 0
CH3 CH3
| |
CH3 - C - CH2 - C - CH3 ; Octane no. = 100
|
CH3
2, 2, 4-Trimethyl pentane or Iso-octane
Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
For example, if a sample comprises 60% iso-octane and 40% heptane, its octane number will be 60.
(c) Antiknock compounds - To reduce the knocking property or to improve the octane number of a fuel, certain chemicals are added to it. These are called antiknock compounds. One such compound, which is used extensively, is tetraethyl lead (TEL). TEL is used in the form of following mixture,
TEL = 63%, Ethylene bromide = 26%, Ethylene chloride = 9% and a dye = 2%.
(d) Cetane number - It is used for grading diesel oils.
CH3 - ( CH2 )14 - CH3 Cetane → cetane no. = 100
characteristics-of-hydrocarbonsCetane no. = 0
α - Methyl naphthalene
The cetane number of a diesel oil is the percentage of cetane (hexadecane) available in a mixture of cetane and α -methyl naphthalene, which has the same ignition property as the fuel under consideration.
(e) Flash point – The flash point of an oil is the minimum temperature at which it releases vapors that mingle with the air to form an explosive mixture.
The flash point in India is fixed at 44oC, in France it is fixed at 35oC and in England it is 22.8oC. The flash point of an oil is usually determined through the use of 'Abel's apparatus'.
(f) Petrochemicals - All such chemicals that are derived from petroleum or natural gas are called petrochemicals. Some of the chemicals that are obtained from petroleum or natural gas include Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, Propane, Propylene, Hexane, Heptane, Cycloalkanes, Benzene and Toluene.