This
is a list of important chemistry vocabulary terms and their definitions. A more
comprehensive list of chemistry terms can be found in my alphabetical chemistry glossary. You can use this
vocabulary list to look up terms or you can make flashcards from the
definitions to help learn them.
1. absolute zero - Absolute zero is 0K. It is the lowest possible temperature.
Theoretically, at absolute zero, atoms stop moving.
2. accuracy -
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to its true value. For
example, if an object is exactly a meter long and you measure it as 1.1 meters
long, that is more accurate than if you measured it at 1.5 meters long.
3. acid -
There are several ways to define an acid, but they include any
chemical that gives off protons or H+ in water. Acids have a pH less
than 7. They turn the pH indicator phenolphthalein colorless and turn litmus paper red.
4. acid anhydride - An acid anhydride is an oxide that forms an acid when it is
reacted with water. For example, when SO3- is added to
water, it becomes sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
5.actual yield - The actual yield is the amount of product you actually obtain from
a chemical reaction, as in the amount you can measure or weigh as opposed to a
calculated value.
6. addition reaction - An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond.
7. alcohol -
An alcohol is any organic molecule that has an -OH group.
8. aldehyde
- An aldehyde is any organic molecule that has a -COH group.
9. alkali metal - An alkali metal is a metal in Group I of the periodic table. Examples
of alkali metals include lithium, sodium, and potassium.
10. alkaline earth metal - An alkaline earth metal is an element belonging to Group II of the periodic table.
Examples of alkaline earth metals are magnesium and calcium.
11. alkane -
An alkane is an organic molecule that only contains single carbon-carbon bonds.
12. alkene -
An alkene is an organic molecule that contains at least one C=C or
carbon-carbon double bond.
13. alkyne -
An alkyne is an organic molecule that contains at least one carbon-carbon
triple bond.
14. allotrope
- Allotropes are different forms of a phase of an element. For example, diamond
and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
15. alpha particle - An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus, which contains two protons and two neutrons. It's called an alpha particle in
reference to radioactive (alpha) decay.
16. amine -
An amine is an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by an organic group. An example of an amine is methylamine.
17. base - A
base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or
that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
18. beta particle - A beta particle is an electron, although the term is used when
the electron is emitted in radioactive decay.
19. binary compound - A binary compound is one made up of two elements.
20. binding energy - Binding energy is the energy that holds protons and neutrons
together in the atomic nucleus.
21. bond energy - Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break one mole of chemical
bonds.
22. bond length
- Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two
atoms that share a bond.
23. buffer -
A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and
sodium acetate.
24. calorimetry
- Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the
heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for
example.
25. carboxylic acid - A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An
example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid.
26. catalyst
- A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds
it up without being consumed by the reaction.
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for
biochemical reactions.
27. cathode -
A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words,
it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell.
28. chemical equation - A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts,
what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds.
29.chemical property - A chemical property is a property that can only be observed
when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an
example of a chemical property, since you can't measure how
flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds).
30. covalent bond - A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons.
31. critical mass - Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed
to cause a nuclear chain reaction.
32. critical point - The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become
indistinguishable from one another.
33. crystal -
A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or
molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist.
34. delocalization - Delocalization is when electrons become free to move all over a
molecule, such as when double bonds occur on adjacent atoms in a molecule.
35. denature
- There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to
any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol).
Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a
molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat.
36. diffusion
- Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration
to one of lower concentration.
37. dilution
- Dilution is when a solvent is added to a solution, making it less
concentrated.
38. dissociation - Dissociation is when a chemical reaction breaks a compound into two or more parts.
For example, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-
in water.
39. double displacement reaction - A double displacement or double replacement reaction is when cations of two compounds
switch places.
what it is acid?
BalasHapusThe term acid (acid) comes from Latin acetum which means vinegar
HapusWhat it is titration?
BalasHapusTitration is one of the quantitative chemical analysis techniques used to determine the concentration of a particular solution, whereby its determination uses a known standard solution of its concentration appropriately. Measurement of volume in titration plays a very important role so that there are times when so many people call titration by the name of volumetric analysis.
HapusThe solution used for the determination of an unknown concentration solution is placed inside the burette (see figure) and the solution is referred to as standard solution or titran or titrator, whereas unknown concentration solutions are placed in Erlenmeyer (see figure) and this solution is referred to as an analit.
What is the characteristic of the buffer solution?
BalasHapusThe properties of the buffer solution, which can maintain the pH even though:
HapusPlus a bit of strong acid.
Plus a few strong bases.
Diluted.
BalasHapusWhat is the function of aldehyde in the world of chemistry?
Use of Aldehyde
HapusFormaldehyde (methanal) is used as a germ killer and preserves.
Formaldehyde is used to make thermoset plastic (heat-resistant plastic).
Paraldehyde is used as rubber vulcanization accelerator
How does catalyst work ??
BalasHapusFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Not checked The catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of reaction of a chemical reaction at a certain temperature, without undergoing change or being used by the reaction itself (see also catalysis). A catalyst plays a role in the reaction but not as a reactant or product. The catalyst allows the reaction to take place more rapidly or allow the reaction to lower temperatures due to the changes triggered by the reagent. The catalyst provides an optional route with a lower activation energy. Catalyst reduced energy needed for reaction. The catalyst can be divided into two main groups: homogeneous catalyst and heterogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts are catalysts present in different phases with reactants in their catalyzed reactions, while homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase. One simple example for heterogeneous catalysis is that the catalyst provides a surface in which reagents (or substrates) are temporarily absorbed. The bonds in the substrates are weakened in such a way that adequate new products are formed. Katan atara products and catalyst weaker, so finally released. The homogeneous catalyst generally reacts with one or more reagents to form a chemical intermediate which further reacts to form the final product of the reaction, in a process which restores the catalyst. The following is a general schematic of the catalytic reaction, where C represents the catalyst: A + C → AC (1) B + AC → AB + C (2) Although the catalyst (C) is consumed by reaction 1, but is subsequently reproduced by reaction 2, So for the whole reaction to be, A + B + C → AB + C catalyst is neither inedible nor created. Enzyme is a biocatalyst. The use of the term "catalyst" in the broader cultural context can be analogous to this context. Some of the leading catalysts ever developed include the Ziegler-Natta catalyst used for the mass production of polyethylene and polypropylene. The best known catalytic reaction is the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia, which uses ordinary iron as a catalyst. The catalytic converter - which can destroy the most recalcitrant side exhaust products - is made from platinum and rhodium.
HapusCan you tell me the example of alcohol??
BalasHapusIf it is based on the type of carbon atom that binds to the hydroxyl group, it is grouped:
HapusPrimary alcohols are alcohols that are -OH groups attached to primary carbon atoms.
Example: CH3 -CH2-OH.
Secondary alcohols are alcohols that are -OH groups attached to secondary carbon atoms.
Example: CH3-CH (OH) -CH3.
3. Tertiary alcohols are alcohols that are -OH groups attached to atoms
Tertiary carbon. Example: CH3C (OH) (CH3) CH3.
If based on the number of hydroxyl groups (-OH) contained in the structure, the alcohol is divided into:
Monohydroxy alcohols are alcohols having 1 -OH group.
Example: CH3-CH2-OH.
The dihydroxy alcohol is an alcohol having 2 -OH groups.
Example: CH2 (OH) -CH2 (OH)
Alcohol trihydroxy is an alcohol having 3-OH groups.
Example: CH2 (OH) -CH (OH) -CH2 (OH).